[HTML][HTML] Beyond MyD88 and TRIF pathways in Toll-like receptor signaling
V Piras, K Selvarajoo - Frontiers in immunology, 2014 - frontiersin.org
Frontiers in immunology, 2014•frontiersin.org
The Toll-like receptors (TLRs), 13 types known to-date, are a major class of transmembrane
proteins of the mammalian innate immune system (1). They are known to detect diverse
pathogen-associated molecular patterns of microorganisms, and trigger specialized sets of
signal transduction cascades that neutralize any danger posed to the host by the intruders.
The major adaptors that bind to the intracellular domain of TLR to activate the
proinflammatory response are the myeloid differentiation primary response (MyD) 88 and …
proteins of the mammalian innate immune system (1). They are known to detect diverse
pathogen-associated molecular patterns of microorganisms, and trigger specialized sets of
signal transduction cascades that neutralize any danger posed to the host by the intruders.
The major adaptors that bind to the intracellular domain of TLR to activate the
proinflammatory response are the myeloid differentiation primary response (MyD) 88 and …
The Toll-like receptors (TLRs), 13 types known to-date, are a major class of transmembrane proteins of the mammalian innate immune system (1). They are known to detect diverse pathogen-associated molecular patterns of microorganisms, and trigger specialized sets of signal transduction cascades that neutralize any danger posed to the host by the intruders. The major adaptors that bind to the intracellular domain of TLR to activate the proinflammatory response are the myeloid differentiation primary response (MyD) 88 and TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF). Together, MyD88 and TRIF lead to the expression of numerous cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IP-10, IFN-γ, etc., through transcriptional factors NF-κβ, AP-1, and IRF-3 activation (Figure 1 A).
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